Aramid fibre te fèt nan fen ane 1960 yo. Li te okòmansman kenbe sekrè kòm yon materyèl pou devlopman espas ak yon materyèl estratejik enpòtan, ajoute yon anpil nan mistè. Apre fen Gè Fwad la, fib aramid, kòm yon gwo -materyèl fib teknoloji, te lajman itilize nan domèn sivil la, epi li piti piti devwale vrè figi li.
The full name of aramid is "aramid fiber", which is a new type of special-purpose synthetic material. Because the long-chain polymer molecules that make up the fibers contain amide groups, they belong to polyamide fibers like nylon. But the difference is that the amide group is connected to the aliphatic chain in the macromolecule of the polyamide fiber, while the aromatic ring or the derivative of the aromatic ring is connected to the amide group in the aromatic polyamide fiber, so these fibers are collectively referred to as Aramid fiber, referred to as aramid.
Depi gwoup aromat la ranplase gwoup alifatik la, fleksibilite chèn molekilè a redwi epi frigidité a amelyore, ki reflete nan pwopriyete fib yo, ak rezistans chalè li yo ak modil inisyal yo siyifikativman ogmante, kidonk fib polyamid aromat la se aktyèl la. òganik fib ki reziste tanperati ki wo. kategori prensipal yo nan . Pami yo, gen de varyete ki gen valè ki pi pratik, youn se meta-fib aramid ak aranjman chèn molekilè zigzag, ki rele aramid 1313 nan peyi nou an; lòt la se para-fib aramid ak aranjman lineyè chèn molekilè. Lachin te rele l 'aramid 1414. Estrikti chimik de la se menm jan an, men pèfòmans lan trè diferan, ak jaden aplikasyon yo diferan: Aramid 1313 te vin tounen yon wo -bon jan kalite fib fonksyonèl ak ekselan izolasyon tanperati wo li yo, pandan y ap Aramid 1414 gen pwopriyete metal ekselan. Li okipe yon pozisyon debaz enpòtan nan fib -wo pèfòmans.
Fib ignifuje - aramid 1313
Aramid 1313 was first successfully developed by DuPont in the United States, and industrialized production was realized in 1967, and the product was registered as Nomex. This is a soft, white, slender, fluffy and lustrous fiber. Its appearance is the same as that of ordinary chemical fibers, but it has extraordinary "special functions":
Estabilite tèmik dirab. Karakteristik ki pi enpòtan nan aramid 1313 se rezistans tanperati ki wo li yo, ki ka itilize pou yon tan long nan 220 degre san yo pa aje. Efikasite nan pwopriyete elektrik ak mekanik li yo ka konsève pou 10 ane, ak estabilite dimansyon li yo ekselan. Pousantaj nan kontraksyon tèmik nan apeprè 1 pousan se sèlman 1 pousan, epi li pa pral retresi, frajil, adousi oswa fonn lè ekspoze a yon tanperati ki wo nan 300 degre pou yon ti tan. , tankou yon estabilite tèmik segondè inik nan mitan aktyèl fib tanperati òganik -rezistan yo.
Outstanding flame retardancy. We know that the percentage of oxygen volume required for a material to burn in air is called the limiting oxygen index. The larger the limiting oxygen index, the better its flame retardant performance. Usually, the oxygen content in the air is 21 percent , and the limiting oxygen index of aramid 1313 is greater than 28 percent . This inherent characteristic derived from its own molecular structure makes aramid 1313 permanently flame retardant, so it has the reputation of "fireproof fiber".
Excellent electrical insulation. Aramid 1313 has a very low dielectric constant, and its inherent dielectric strength enables it to maintain excellent electrical insulation under high temperature, low temperature, and high humidity conditions. ㎜, is recognized as the best insulating material in the world.
Ekselan estabilite chimik. Aramid 1313 se yon makromolekil lineyè ki konpoze de lyezon amid ki konekte gwoup aryl. Nan kristal li yo, lyezon idwojèn yo ranje nan de plan pou fòme yon estrikti twa dimansyon. Kosyon idwojèn fò sa a fè estrikti chimik li yo trè estab epi li ka rezistan a asid inòganik ki pi konsantre ak lòt pwodui chimik, idroliz ak korozyon vapè.
Ekselan pwopriyete mekanik. Aramid 1313 se yon materyèl polymère fleksib ak rèd ki ba ak elongasyon segondè, ki fè li menm spinnability ak fib òdinè. Li kapab trete nan plizyè twal oswa twal ki pa-tissus pa machin k ap vire konvansyonèl yo, epi li reziste -e li reziste-. trè laj.
Super radiation resistance. Aramid 1313 has excellent resistance to , , χ rays and ultraviolet radiation. With 50Kv X-ray radiation for 100 hours, the fiber strength remains 73 percent of the original, and the polyester or nylon at this time has already become powder. The unique and stable chemical structure endows aramid 1313 with excellent properties. Through the comprehensive utilization of these properties, a series of new functions and new products are continuously developed, and the application fields are getting wider and wider, and the popularity is getting higher and higher.
Rad pwoteksyon espesyal. Aramid 1313 twal pa boule, degoute, fonn ak lafimen lè li rankontre dife, e li gen ekselan efè ignifuje. Espesyalman lè w rankontre yon tanperati ki wo nan 900 -1500 degre, sifas twal la pral rapidman carbonized ak epesè, fòme yon baryè inik izolasyon tèmik pou pwoteje moun ki pote a soti nan chape. Si yo ajoute yon ti kantite fib antistatik oswa aramid 1414, li ka efektivman anpeche twal la pete epi evite danje ki genyen nan arc zèklè, arc elektrik, elektrisite estatik, flanm dife ak sou sa. Aramid 1313 ki pa -fib fèr yo ka itilize pou fè divès kalite rad pwoteksyon espesyal tankou kostim vòl, kostim konba pwodui chimik-prèv, kostim batay dife, salopet founo, salopet soude elektrik, kostim egalizasyon presyon, radyasyon. -prèv salopete, kostim pwoteksyon chimik, segondè-kostim pwoteksyon vòltaj, elatriye. Aviyasyon, ayewospasyal, inifòm militè, pwoteksyon dife, pétrochimique, elektrik, gaz, metaliji, kous ak anpil lòt domèn. Anplis de sa, nan peyi devlope yo, twal aramid yo lajman itilize tou kòm tekstil otèl, pasaj pou sove lavi -, dekorasyon ki reziste dife nan kay la-, kouvri planch planch, gan kwizin, ak pijama rezistan flanm dife pou pwoteje. granmoun aje yo ak timoun yo.
Materyèl filtre tanperati ki wo. Rezistans nan tanperati ki wo, estabilite dimansyon ak rezistans chimik nan aramid 1313 fè li dominan nan jaden an nan medya filtre tanperati ki wo. Medya filtè Aramid yo lajman itilize nan plant chimik, plant tèmik, plant nwa kabòn, plant siman, plant lacho, plant cokéfaction, fondri, plant asfalt, plant penti, osi byen ke gwo -fimen tanperati ak lè cho nan founo elektrik arc, chodyè lwil oliv, ak ensinerateur Filtrasyon ka pa sèlman efektivman retire pousyè tè, men tou, reziste atak chimik la nan lafimen danjere, epi an menm tan an fasilite rekiperasyon an nan metal presye.
Materyèl konstriksyon Honeycomb. Aramid 1313 papye materyèl estriktirèl ka itilize pou fè tablo estriktirèl biyomimetik milti-kouch siwo myèl, ki gen rapò fòs/pwa eksepsyonèl ak rapò frigidité/pwa (apeprè 9 fwa sa yo ki an asye), pwa limyè, rezistans enpak, flanm dife. rezistans, izolasyon, ak rezistans. Li gen karakteristik sa yo nan rezistans korozyon, rezistans aje ak bon pèmeyabilite vag elektwomayetik. Li apwopriye pou pwodiksyon materyèl ki transmèt vag bande - ak gwo konpozan estriktirèl estrès segondè rijid sou avyon, misil ak satelit (tankou zèl, kabin, pawa kabin, pòt, elatriye). Etaj, kago kenbe ak miray patisyon, elatriye), tou apwopriye pou pwodiksyon an nan yatch, bato kous, gwo -tren vitès ak lòt -wo estrikti sandwich pèfòmans.
2, fib bal - aramid 1414
Prèske an menm tan ak envansyon Aramid 1313, DuPont te devlope yon lòt fib sentetik segondè -, Aramid 1414, nan fen ane 1960 yo, ak pwodwi komèsyal li yo te premye prezante an 1972 sou non Kevlar.
Aramid 1414 se jòn an lò nan aparans epi li sanble ak fil metal klere, men li se aktyèlman yon polymère kristal likid ki konpoze de molekil rijid long. Paske chèn molekilè li yo trè oryante sou direksyon longè e li gen gwo lyezon chèn inter-, li bay fib la ak fòs san parèy, modil segondè ak rezistans tanperati ki wo.
Dekouvèt aramid 1414 konsidere kòm yon etap enpòtan nan devlopman endistri materyèl yo. Aramid 1414 gen fòs ekstrèmman wo, plis pase 28 gram pou chak deni, 5 a 6 fwa sa yo ki nan gwo -bon jan kalite asye, 2 a 3 fwa modil la nan asye oswa fib vè, ak 2 fwa severite a nan asye, pandan y ap pwa a se sèlman 2 a 3 fwa sa yo ki an asye. 1/5. (Direte nan aramid 1414 tou fè li trè difisil pou koupe ak trete, ki mande zouti espesyal chè).
The continuous use temperature range of aramid 1414 is extremely wide, and it can operate normally for a long time in the range of -196 degree to 204 degree . The shrinkage rate at 150 degree is 0, it does not decompose or melt at a high temperature of 560 degree , its heat resistance is better than aramid 1313, and it has good insulation and corrosion resistance, and has a long life cycle. Synthetic steel wire".
Aramid 1414 was first used in cutting-edge fields such as national defense and military industry. In order to meet the needs of modern warfare and anti-terrorism, the military and police of the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany, France, Israel, Italy and many other countries have bulletproof vests, bulletproof helmets, stab-proof and anti-cutting suits, EOD suits, high-strength parachutes, and bulletproof vehicles. Aramid 1414 is widely used in the body, armor plate, etc. In the body armor, due to the high strength, toughness and good weaving of aramid fiber, it can absorb and disperse the energy of bullet impact to other fibers of the braid to avoid "blunt trauma", so the protective effect is remarkable. The lightweight of aramid body armor and helmets effectively improves the army's rapid response and protection capabilities.
Koulye a, anplis de domèn militè a, aramid 1414 te lajman itilize kòm yon gwo -materyèl fib teknoloji nan divès aspè nan ekonomi nasyonal la tankou ayewospasyal, elektwomekanik, konstriksyon, otomobil, pwodwi akwatik maren, ak machandiz espòtif. .
Nan ayewospasyal, aramid fib résine matris ranfòse konpoze yo itilize kòm materyèl estriktirèl pou ayewospasyal, wokèt ak avyon, sa ki ka diminye pwa, ogmante chaj ak sove yon anpil nan gaz pouvwa. Pou egzanp, koki, taye enteryè ak chèz nan avyon Boeing te itilize avèk siksè materyèl aramid 1414, diminye pwa a pa 30 pousan.
Aramid 1414 is the most ideal cord fiber because of its small specific gravity, high strength, good heat resistance, and good adhesion to rubber. The aramid cord can reduce the thickness of the tire, reduce the weight, easily dissipate heat, reduce deformation, reduce rolling resistance, improve high-speed running performance, prolong the service life of the tire, and greatly improve the puncture resistance. The characteristic allows the tire to be driven to the garage after a flat tire without damaging the side of the tire. Aramid 1414 is especially suitable for use as reinforced tire cords for automobiles and aircrafts with high speed or heavy load, and has great development prospects. At present, the world's major tire giants Michelin, Goodyear, Pirelli and other companies have adopted aramid 1414 as tire cord, which is widely used in the field of high-end cars.
Nan jeni sivil ak estriktirèl, aramid 1414 ka itilize pou pon, kolòn, metwo, chemine, gwo fò tou won dlo, tinèl, tren elèktrifye, pò maritim, elatriye akòz pwa limyè li yo, gwo fòs, segondè modil elastik, rezistans korozyon, ki pa { {1}}konduktivite ak enpak rezistans waf la repare ak ranfòse, espesyalman apwopriye pou ranfòsman ak reparasyon nan estrikti konkrè.
Anplis de sa, aramid 1414 ka itilize tou kòm yon materyèl kilè eskèlèt nan pwodwi kawotchou enflatab (tankou kannòt lavi enflatab, pon bato enflatab, elatriye), kontenè ki reziste korozyon -, tank lwil oliv limyè ak gwo {{2} }dyamèt tiyo pou aspirasyon lwil brit; Koupe-gan pwoteksyon ki reziste; lè l sèvi avèk pwòp li yo -pwopriyete lubrifyan, rezistans chalè ak severite, li ka ranplase amyant ak kanserojèn pou fè plak pwotèj izolasyon chalè, rad pwoteksyon ak materyèl sele; li kapab tou ranplase amyant ak fib vè ranfòse résine, ki itilize kòm materyèl friksyon -rezistan, tèmik ak izolasyon elektrik; fabrike kòd bato, kab soumaren, sistèm boue rada ak kòd ranfòse fib optik; fabrike gwo -fòs, ki ba-pwa ekipman espò tankou ski, bato ak kayak, elatriye. Nan yon mo, tout okazyon ki mande pou gwo fòs, rezistans rupture, rezistans chire, rezistans twou ak segondè. rezistans tanperati yo se jaden kote aramid 1414 montre talan li yo e li gen avantaj iranplasabl.